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What Part of a Tree is a Fig, and Why are There Insects Inside?

The humble mulberry, often referred to as a berry, is in fact not a fruit at all. By understanding this curious fact, we unlock a fascinating insight into the world of these so-called 'berries' and the insects that thrive within them.

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3 September, 2024

The Fig: A Unique Fruit with an Intriguing Visitor

What we commonly refer to as a fig is, in fact, not a fruit in the typical sense. It is the flower of the fig tree, a unique inverted flower with a special structure. The fig’s flower blooms inward, forming what appears to be a fruit. In reality, it is a cluster of flowers growing inside.

Due to its inward-facing nature, the fig flower is pollinated differently from those that bloom outward and attract bees or butterflies. Figs have a symbiotic relationship with a specific insect: the fig wasp. The pollination process is fascinating. A female wasp enters the male fig through a narrow passage, during which her wings are broken, trapping her inside. She then lays her eggs within the fig. The male wasp mates with the female and takes on the task of digging an escape route for their offspring. The female wasps emerge, carrying fig pollen, in search of another fig to start the cycle anew.

Are Figs with Insects Safe to Eat?

Figs are a popular treat, commonly found in markets. They are enjoyed by many, and their consumption is generally safe. Figs contain the enzyme ficin, which breaks down the exoskeleton of insects that may be present. While it is true that figs may contain small insects, they are not harmful. Washing and cutting the figs in half allow any remaining insects to escape, ensuring they pose no risk to human health.

These insects are minuscule, measuring only about 1.5 mm in length, and pose no significant threat to human health. In fact, other foods you commonly consume, such as hoppy beer, may contain higher levels of insects than your average fig. According to Science American, the FDA limit for flower hoppers in hops is 2,500 insects per 10 grams of hops, or approximately 5% of the total weight.

The Health Benefits of Figs

In traditional Eastern medicine, figs are considered a valuable remedy. Dried figs are used to nourish and strengthen the body, particularly beneficial for lactating and postpartum women. Figs are nutrient-rich, containing calcium, vitamins, and other minerals. They are also believed to possess antioxidant properties, promoting healthy skin and supporting digestive health by preventing constipation.

Additionally, figs are touted for their ability to lower blood sugar, making them a suitable choice for diabetics. They are also said to aid in weight loss and reduce inflammation. Fresh figs are widely available in markets, while dried figs can be found in traditional Eastern medicine shops.

Frequently asked questions

Figs are the swollen, ripe, female syconia of the Ficus tree, which belongs to the genus Ficus in the mulberry family (Moraceae). The Ficus tree is native to the tropics and is widely cultivated for its edible figs.

Figs have a unique mutualistic relationship with a specific type of wasp, known as fig wasps or fig bees. The female wasp enters the fig through a small opening, called the ostiole, to lay her eggs inside the fig’s flowers. As the wasp moves inside, she pollinates the flowers, allowing the fig to produce seeds. The wasp then dies, and her body breaks down, providing protein for the developing fig. The wasps that emerge from the ripe figs help pollinate other fig flowers, continuing the cycle.