Claire Wilson, Executive Director of the Loppet Foundation, an outdoor sports organization in Minnesota, USA, recommends a scientific approach to dressing for the cold: “The onion method, with multiple layers, is the most effective way to stay warm.”
This method is based on the principle that “three thin layers are better than one thick one.” Dressing this way traps air between each layer, acting as insulation.
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For the first layer, choose breathable, tight-fitting clothing to allow body heat to transfer to the outer layers. As this layer is closest to the skin, it’s essential to select a material that wicks away sweat effectively. Polyester or polypropylene fabrics are ideal; cotton clothing should be avoided.
According to Wilson, even in freezing temperatures, our bodies can still sweat during activity, and cotton tends to absorb and retain moisture, ultimately making us feel colder.
For the second layer, opt for a wool or flannel shirt. If you’re concerned about warmth, add a cozy cardigan, providing an easy option to adjust your body temperature by adding or removing layers.
Finally, the third layer should be a substantial jacket, preferably windproof, to enclose the other layers. This method not only keeps you warm but also allows for easy adjustment when you feel too hot.
Wilson also suggests wearing legging s or a base layer of stretchy material under your pants for extra warmth on your legs during frigid temperatures.
Keeping your hands and feet warm is equally vital. In cold weather, blood tends to flow towards the body’s core, including the heart, reducing circulation to the extremities. You may wear multiple pairs of socks in freezing temperatures, but ensure they don’t feel too tight, and blood flow to your feet isn’t restricted.
Choose a pair of waterproof winter boots, suitable for rain or icy conditions, to keep your feet dry. If your jacket doesn’t provide sufficient neck coverage, use a scarf, and don’t forget a knitted hat to keep your head warm.
However, Wilson cautions against overdressing in mild cold. Doing so acclimates your body to higher temperatures, making it challenging to tolerate lower ones.
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