What is HPV and Why Should Women Be Especially Vigilant?
HPV, or Human Papillomavirus, is a virus that can cause warts and other growths on the skin and mucous membranes. There are over 100 types of HPV, affecting different parts of the body. Approximately 40 types of HPV are transmitted sexually and can affect the genital area, including the vagina, vulva, cervix, penis, scrotum, rectum, and anus.
Notably, according to Dr. Nguyen Thi Thanh Lam, an obstetrics and gynecology specialist, 14 types of HPV are considered “high-risk” and can lead to cervical cancer.
“HPV is the leading cause of cervical cancer, present in over 90% of cases, especially types 16 and 18. In Vietnam, about 5,000 new cases of cervical cancer are diagnosed each year,” said Dr. Lam.
This virus is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, but it can also be passed from mother to child or through direct contact.
“Early detection of HPV is crucial for taking control of your health, managing the virus, and preventing serious consequences,” emphasized Dr. Lam.
Warning Signs That You May Be Infected with HPV
According to Dr. Lam, HPV can sometimes be asymptomatic, but there are some abnormal signs that can indicate a potential HPV infection:
1. Unusual Warts in the Genital Area
The appearance of small, soft, pink or white warts in the genital area is often the first warning sign. These warts can grow inside or outside the vagina, on the cervix, or even around the anus. Usually, these warts are painless unless they become inflamed or infected, in which case they can cause discomfort and spread if left untreated.
2. Pain or Discomfort During Intercourse
Feeling pain or discomfort during or after sexual intercourse, even with protection, could indicate a sexually transmitted infection, including HPV.
3. Abnormal Bleeding During Intercourse
Bleeding during or after intercourse could be a sign of cervical injury due to HPV-induced inflammation and infection. This symptom warrants immediate medical attention.
What to Do If You Suspect HPV Infection
Dr. Thanh Lam advises that if you notice any unusual symptoms in your genital area, you should visit a healthcare facility for an HPV screening test. Modern HPV tests can detect the virus by taking samples from the cervix or urethra, and these tests are recommended for women aged 21 and older, which is the appropriate age to start cervical cancer screening.
“Although most HPV infections clear up on their own, regular screening is essential, especially with the increasing prevalence of early sexual activity,” added Dr. Lam. “Proper monitoring and care can prevent the progression to cervical cancer.”
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