Common Causes of Cough in Children

1. Upper Respiratory Infection

The most common cause of coughing in children, lasting around 5-7 days, is usually viral. A cold can cause a mild to moderate cough, while the flu tends to result in more severe coughing. If your child has acute bronchitis, they will likely cough more at night and experience some breathing difficulties.

It is important to distinguish between a dry cough and a productive cough. A dry cough often arises from irritation in the upper respiratory tract (sinuses, throat, larynx), whereas a productive cough is usually due to irritation in the lower respiratory tract. Both types of cough tend to worsen at bedtime.

2. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

When children have acid reflux, they may experience frequent coughing, vomiting, bad breath, or heartburn. This condition often worsens at night when the child is lying down.

3. Allergies and Environmental Factors

Although seasonal allergies are uncommon in infants, they can be allergic to substances in their environment, such as:

  • Pollen from trees
  • Pet dander
  • House dust mites
  • Smoke and air pollution
  • Tobacco smoke (including secondhand smoke)

4. Pneumonia

Pneumonia is a serious illness in children, often characterized by the following symptoms:

  • High fever
  • Chills and shivering
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Prolonged coughing
  • Fatigue

Children can contract viral or bacterial pneumonia through exposure to crowded places like schools, parks, or playgrounds.

5. Asthma

In addition to frequent coughing, asthma in children is often characterized by wheezing and nocturnal breathing difficulties. Long-term monitoring and treatment are necessary to control asthma attacks.

6. Whooping Cough (Pertussis)

Whooping cough is a dangerous bacterial infection that can affect both infants and adults. It is characterized by prolonged coughing fits that last for several weeks, accompanied by a whooping sound when inhaling. The most effective prevention method is vaccination, as recommended by the health authorities.

Image of a child with a cough

Parents should monitor their child’s cough and fever for any warning signs. (Illustrative image)

When to Seek Medical Attention

Parents should pay close attention and seek immediate medical attention if their child exhibits any of the following signs:

  • Wheezing or difficulty breathing
  • Abnormally rapid breathing
  • Pale or bluish skin
  • High fever above 38°C
  • Cough lasting more than 2 weeks
  • Coughing up blood
  • Choking on a foreign object
  • Refusing to feed or lethargy
  • Inhaling with a whistling sound
  • Signs of dehydration
  • Severe breathing difficulty
  • Dry heaving
  • Blue-tinged skin
  • Visible rib cage movement during breathing
  • Sunken abdomen during breathing
  • Nostril flaring

Home Care for Children with Cough

  • Steam inhalation: Have your child sit in a steamy bathroom for 15-20 minutes to moisturize the airways and relieve coughing.
  • Nasal and throat hygiene: Regularly rinse the nose with saline solution. Keep the nose and throat clean and clear.
  • Nutrition: Ensure your child is well-hydrated by offering frequent breastfeeding or bottle-feeding. Provide extra fluids and avoid cough-triggering foods.
  • Environment: Maintain a cool, clean, and well-ventilated room. Avoid exposing your child to tobacco smoke. Regularly clean your home and remove allergens.

Nutritional Considerations for Children with Cough

Foods to Avoid:

  • Spicy and greasy foods
  • Fish and other seafood
  • Sweets, candies, and desserts
  • Fast food and thick, starchy foods
  • Peanuts and chocolate
  • Chilled drinks and carbonated soft drinks

Recommended Foods:

  • Liquid or soft foods like porridge and soup
  • Vitamin C-rich foods
  • Unsweetened fruit juices
  • Hot stews
  • Easily digestible foods

Important Treatment Considerations

Antibiotic Usage:

  • Do not give antibiotics to your child without medical advice.
  • Most viral infections do not require antibiotics.
  • Antibiotics should only be used when prescribed by a doctor.

Special Considerations for Infants Under 4 Months Old:

  • Coughing is rare in this age group.
  • If your infant under 4 months old has a cough, seek medical attention immediately.
  • It could indicate a serious underlying condition.
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