What is Diphtheria?
Diphtheria is a bacterial infection caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. This bacterium produces a potent exotoxin that can lead to swelling, necrosis, and ulceration of the mucous membranes…
The disease is primarily spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sne. It can also be transmitted by contact with objects contaminated with nasal or throat secretions containing the bacteria, or through contact with skin lesions caused by diphtheria.
Diphtheria presents in various forms, but the most common is respiratory diphtheria, which affects the nose, throat, larynx, and bronchial tubes. Among these, throat diphtheria accounts for approximately 70% of cases. Other forms include cutaneous and ocular diphtheria.
Effective Diphtheria Prevention
Vaccination: A Powerful Defense Against Diphtheria
Diphtheria vaccine development began in 1913, and by 1920, it was widely distributed. Vaccination against diphtheria is an effective way to combat this disease.
Vaccination significantly reduces the incidence of diphtheria in the general population. For children, the DTaP vaccine (diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis) is part of the routine immunization schedule. It is crucial to complete the full course of vaccinations to protect against the disease.
- Infants and Young Children
- All infants and young children should receive the 6-in-1 vaccine, which includes diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, polio, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccines. The primary series consists of three doses given at 2, 3, and 4 months of age, with a booster dose at 18-24 months.
- Women of Childbearing Age
- Vaccination for women of childbearing age is essential for protecting both the mother and the infant during the early stages of life. The Tdap vaccine (tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis) is safe for pregnant women and does not affect the fetus. It is recommended during the third trimester, between 27 and 36 weeks of pregnancy. Women who received the vaccine before the 27th week of pregnancy do not need to revaccinate during this period.
- Older Adults and Unvaccinated Individuals
- Older adults and individuals who have never been vaccinated against diphtheria should also receive the vaccine. For those previously vaccinated, immunity typically lasts about ten years, so booster shots are necessary to maintain protection.
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