Why Are Modern Tomatoes Harder and Less Prone to Bruising and Rot?

Today's consumers have noticed an interesting phenomenon: the tomatoes they buy seem firmer and have a longer shelf life than ever before. This observation leads to a intriguing question - what has caused this apparent change in the texture and longevity of modern tomatoes? This article delves into the fascinating world of tomato science to uncover the reasons behind this curious development.

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The application of modern scientific achievements in agriculture has transformed the availability of many vegetables, including tomatoes. Today, tomatoes are a year-round staple, no longer restricted to a seasonal harvest. As an essential component of countless dishes and sauces, their year-round presence ensures a consistent supply for chefs and home cooks alike.

However, you may have noticed that modern tomatoes seem firmer than their older counterparts. In the past, tomatoes were delicate, requiring gentle handling to avoid bruising and crushing. Nowadays, even after passing through multiple hands and transportation stages, they remain remarkably resilient and firm.

The tomatoes of today also seem to have a longer shelf life, both at room temperature and in the refrigerator, compared to the quick spoilage of yesteryear. So, what’s causing these changes? Firstly, it’s about breeding. The demands of long-distance transportation and extended consumption periods call for harder, longer-lasting tomatoes. Modern agricultural practices have responded by employing scientific techniques to develop tougher varieties.

Breeders have worked to create tomatoes that can withstand the rigors of transportation, storage, and retail environments. These new varieties have thicker skins and a more robust structure, making them less susceptible to bruising and cracking during handling. They also possess improved disease resistance, reducing the impact of bacteria and mold, which further extends their shelf life.

This increased durability benefits consumers by potentially lowering prices and reducing food waste. The harvesting and post-harvest processes also contribute to the firmer texture of modern tomatoes. Today’s tomatoes are often picked earlier, and by the time they ripen, their starch content is lower, resulting in a less soft texture compared to naturally ripened tomatoes.

Why are modern tomatoes harder and able to be stored for weeks without spoiling? (Medium)

Post-harvest, temperature management plays a crucial role. By using cold temperatures, the ripening process is slowed, and the growth of bacteria and mold is inhibited. Additionally, by manipulating the gases in the storage environment, the respiration and ripening of tomatoes can be controlled, preventing premature softening and extending their lifespan.

While these changes have resulted in firmer, longer-lasting tomatoes, some consumers feel that the trade-off is a loss of flavor. Modern tomatoes may not possess the same intense sweetness and aroma as their predecessors. However, it’s important to note that tomatoes remain a nutritious and valuable culinary ingredient, rich in vitamins C, A, and K, as well as minerals like potassium and magnesium. While storage may reduce heat- and light-sensitive vitamins, the antioxidant lycopene content remains high.

According to VTC News

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Frequently asked questions

Modern tomatoes have been bred to have thicker cell walls, which makes them firmer and less prone to bruising. This is a result of cross-breeding with wild tomatoes that naturally have thicker walls.

The thicker cell walls make it harder for water to move in and out of the tomato’s cells, which slows down the decay process. This, combined with the use of genetic modification to introduce disease-resistant traits, makes modern tomatoes more resistant to rot.

Thicker cell walls also contribute to longer shelf life and better tolerance to handling and transportation. This results in a more consistent product for consumers and reduces food waste.

Yes, one trade-off is that thicker cell walls can make the tomatoes tougher and less juicy. This is why some modern tomatoes may have a less intense flavor compared to heirlooms.

Farmers provide feedback to breeders on traits they want improved, such as disease resistance or yield. Breeders then use a combination of cross-breeding and genetic modification to create new varieties that meet these needs, which are then tested by farmers.